(Debian) Debian vs RHEL Command and Debian Network Setting ### RHEL rpm -qf stdio.h # dpkg -S stdio.h or # dpkg -S /usr/include/stdio.h ### RHEL rpm -qa|grep mozilla # dpkg -l | grep mozilla ### RHEL rpm -ql mozilla # dpkg -L swfdec-mozilla ### RHEL rpm -qi mozilla # dpkg -s swfdec-mozilla ### network /etc/network/interface # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback mtu 1500 # The primary network interface #allow-hotplug eth0 auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.0.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 10.0.0.1 dns-nameserver 10.0.0.1 dns-search ns.domain.pe.kr

크리에이티브 커먼즈 라이센스

이 저작물은 크리에이티브 커먼즈 코리아 저작자표시-비영리-변경금지 2.0 대한민국 라이센스에 따라 이용하실 수 있습니다.

(Debian) Debian 6.0 Squeeze released 너무 늦은감이 없지않아 있지만... 그래도 Debian 6.0 Squeeze released 되었으니 포스팅 하겠습니다. 대표적으로 향상된 기능은 아래에 보시면 됩니다. * KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 4.4.5 * an updated version of the GNOME desktop environment 2.30 * the Xfce 4.6 desktop environment * LXDE 0.5.0 * X.Org 7.5 * OpenOffice.org 3.2.1 * GIMP 2.6.11 * Iceweasel 3.5.16 (an unbranded version of Mozilla Firefox) * Icedove 3.0.11 (an unbranded version of Mozilla Thunderbird) * PostgreSQL 8.4.6 * MySQL 5.1.49 * GNU Compiler Collection 4.4.5 * Linux 2.6.32 * Apache 2.2.16 * Samba 3.5.6 * Python 2.6.6, 2.5.5 and 3.1.3 * Perl 5.10.1 * PHP 5.3.3 * Asterisk 1.6.2.9 * Nagios 3.2.3 * Xen Hypervisor 4.0.1 (dom0 as well as domU support) * OpenJDK 6b18 * Tomcat 6.0.18 * more than 29,000 other ready-to-use software packages, built from nearly 15,000 source packages. 좀 더 자세한 내용은 아래의 링크를 이용 하세요 link : http://www.debian.org/News/2011/20110205a

크리에이티브 커먼즈 라이센스

이 저작물은 크리에이티브 커먼즈 코리아 저작자표시-비영리-변경금지 2.0 대한민국 라이센스에 따라 이용하실 수 있습니다.

(Debian) ethtool duplex settings Debian or Ubuntu Debian or Ubuntu ethtool setting...

Guide 1.

# vi /etc/init.d/100Mbps or 1000Mbps

#!/bin/sh
ETHTOOL="/usr/sbin/ethtool"
DEV="eth0"
SPEED="100 duplex full"
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Setting eth0 speed 100 duplex full...";
$ETHTOOL -s $DEV speed $SPEED;
echo " done.";;
stop)
;;
esac

# Change permission...

# chmod +x /etc/init.d/100Mbps or 1000Mbps

# Runlevel Setting ( Symbol Link "S" : On , "K" : Off )

/etc/rc0.d/K20100Mbs -> ../init.d/100Mbs
/etc/rc1.d/K20100Mbs -> ../init.d/100Mbs
/etc/rc6.d/K20100Mbs -> ../init.d/100Mbs
/etc/rc2.d/S20100Mbs -> ../init.d/100Mbs
/etc/rc3.d/S20100Mbs -> ../init.d/100Mbs
/etc/rc4.d/S20100Mbs -> ../init.d/100Mbs
/etc/rc5.d/S20100Mbs -> ../init.d/100Mbs

or

# Use chkconfig to make

# /etc/init.d/100Mbs start

OR ( 또는 )

Guide 2.

# vi /etc/network/interfaces

# Add Line...
iface eth0 inet dhcp
pre-up /usr/sbin/ethtool -s eth0 speed 100 duplex full autoneg off


site link : http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/howto-linux-add-ethtool-duplex-settings-permanent.html
site link : http://basicslinux.blogspot.com/2009/08/changing-your-network-interface-speed.html


크리에이티브 커먼즈 라이센스

이 저작물은 크리에이티브 커먼즈 코리아 저작자표시-비영리-변경금지 2.0 대한민국 라이센스에 따라 이용하실 수 있습니다.

(Debian) Linux Ethernet Bonding Configuration site link : http://www.debianadmin.com/linux-ethernet-bonding-configuration.html

Ethernet bonding refers to aggregating multiple ethernet channels together to form a single channel. This is primarily used for redundancy in ethernet paths or for load balancing. This page refers in particular to performing ethernet bonding under linux, and so does not limit itself to discussion of 802.3ad Trunk Aggregation.

Ethernet Bonding Types

The linux kernel bonding module supports a number of bonding types.

Round Robin

Packets are transmitted in a round robin fashion over the available slave interfaces. Provides both load balancing and fault tolerance

Active Backup

One slave interface is active at any time. If one interface fails, another interface takes over the MAC address and becomes the active interface. Provides fault tolerance only. Doesn’t require special switch support

Balance XOR

Tranmissions are balanced across the slave interfaces based on ((source MAC) XOR (dest MAC)) modula slave count. The same slave is selected for each destination MAC. Provides load balancing and fault tolerance.

Broadcast

Transmits everything on all slave interfaces. Provides fault tolerance.

802.3ad

This is classic IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation. This requires 802.3ad support in the switch and driver support for retrieving the speed and duplex of each slave.

Balance TLB

Adaptive Transmit Load Balancing. Incoming traffic is received on the active slave only, outgoing traffic is distributed according to the current load on each slave. Doesn’t require special switch support

Balance ALB

Adaptive Load Balancing – provides both transmit load balancing (TLB) and receive load balancing for IPv4 via ARP negotiation. Doesn’t require special switch support, but does require the ability to change the MAC address of a device while it is open

Setup Bonding Ethernet on Debian and ubuntu with a 2.4 kernel

To use Bonding Ethernet for High-Availability (fail-over) on Debian (Woody, Sarge,etch or Sid with a 2.4.x kernel) and ubuntu you need to:

install package ifenslave-2.4.To install this package follow this command

#apt-get install ifenslave-2.4

make sure the real NICs kernel modules are loaded automatically

edit /etc/network/interfaces to look like this:

iface bond0 inet static
address 10.31.1.5
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 10.31.1.0
gateway 10.31.1.254
up /sbin/ifenslave bond0 eth0
up /sbin/ifenslave bond0 eth1

comment or borrow the lines referring to your real NICs in the same file

add the following lines to your /etc/modutils/arch/i386:

alias bond0 bonding

options bonding mode=1 miimon=100 downdelay=200 updelay=200

Now run the following command for update

#update-modules

Setup Bonding Ethernet on Debian and ubuntu with a 2.6 kernel

To use Bonding Ethernet for High-Availability (fail-over) on Debian (Woody, Sarge,etch or Sid with a 2.4.x kernel) and ubuntu you need to:

install package ifenslave-2.6.To install this package follow this command

#apt-get install ifenslave-2.6

make sure the real NICs kernel modules are loaded automatically

edit /etc/network/interfaces to look like this:

iface bond0 inet static
address 10.31.1.5
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 10.31.1.0
gateway 10.31.1.254
up /sbin/ifenslave bond0 eth0
up /sbin/ifenslave bond0 eth1

comment or borrow the lines referring to your real NICs in the same file

add the following lines to your /etc/modprobe.d/arch/i386:

alias bond0 bonding

options bonding mode=1 miimon=100 downdelay=200 updelay=200

크리에이티브 커먼즈 라이센스

이 저작물은 크리에이티브 커먼즈 코리아 저작자표시-비영리-변경금지 2.0 대한민국 라이센스에 따라 이용하실 수 있습니다.

[Debian] a2enmod, a2dismod - enable or disable an apache2 module 출처 : Debian lenny man page

A2ENMOD(8)                                                                      A2ENMOD(8)

NAME
       a2enmod, a2dismod - enable or disable an apache2 module

SYNOPSIS
       a2enmod [module]

       a2dismod [module]

DESCRIPTION
       This manual page documents briefly the a2enmod and a2dismod commands.

       a2enmod is a script that enables the specified module within the apache2 configura-
       tion.  It does this by creating symlinks within  /etc/apache2/mods-enabled.   Like-
       wise, a2dismod disables a module by removing those symlinks.  It is not an error to
       enable a module which is already enabled, or to disable one which is  already  dis-
       abled.

EXAMPLES
              a2enmod imagemap
              a2dismod mime_magic

       Enables the mod_imagemap module, and disables the mod_mime_magic module.

FILES
       /etc/apache2/mods-available
              Directory with files giving information on available modules.

       /etc/apache2/mods-enabled
              Directory with links to the files in mods-available for enabled modules.

SEE ALSO
       apache2ctl(8).

AUTHOR
       This  manual  page  was  written  by Daniel Stone <daniel@sfarc.net> for the Debian
       GNU/Linux distribution, as it is a Debian-specific script with the package.

                                      12 October 2006     


# 아파치의 모듈을 활성화/비활성화 시켜준다.

크리에이티브 커먼즈 라이센스

이 저작물은 크리에이티브 커먼즈 코리아 저작자표시-비영리-변경금지 2.0 대한민국 라이센스에 따라 이용하실 수 있습니다.

[Debian] debian etch sar 활성화... 작성자 : 삐꾸강아쥐

일반 RHEL 기반은 기본으로 sar 가 활성화 되어있어서
10분마다 게더링을 하지만

debian etch 시스템은 기본으로 비 활성화 되어 있는걸 오늘 알았다.

/etc/cron.d/sysstat 의 아래 항목을 변경해주면 10분마다 데이터를 게더링 하게 된다.

#ENABLED=false
ENABLED=true

- 추가 -  080411

그러나... /etc/default/sysstat 에

ENABLED="true" 옵션이 또 있다... ㅡ.ㅡ 어쩌라는건가???

일단 2개 다 true로 활성화 하고선 saxx 파일이 정상적으로 생성 되었다

크리에이티브 커먼즈 라이센스

이 저작물은 크리에이티브 커먼즈 코리아 저작자표시-비영리-변경금지 2.0 대한민국 라이센스에 따라 이용하실 수 있습니다.

Debian Etch Samba smb.conf

작성자 : 삐꾸강아쥐

현재 나의 데비안 이취 삼바 설정 파일...

[global]
dos charset = 949
unix charset = euc-kr
   hide  files  = /.*/TheVolumeSettingsFolder/Network Trash Folder/Temporary Items/
   workgroup = File Server
#coding system = KS8
#client code page = 949

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
   server string = File Server

# This option is important for security. It allows you to restrict
# connections to machines which are on your local network. The
# following example restricts access to two C class networks and
# the "loopback" interface. For more examples of the syntax see
# the smb.conf man page
hosts allow = 192.168.100. 211.45.120.105

# if you want to automatically load your printer list rather
# than setting them up individually then you'll need this
#   printcap name = /etc/printcap
#   load printers = yes

# It should not be necessary to spell out the print system type unless
# yours is non-standard. Currently supported print systems include:
# bsd, sysv, plp, lprng, aix, hpux, qnx, cups
   printing = cups

# Uncomment this if you want a guest account, you must add this to /etc/passwd
# otherwise the user "nobody" is used
#  guest account = nobody

# this tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
   log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log

# Put a capping on the size of the log files (in Kb).
#   max log size = 50

# Security mode. Most people will want user level security. See
# security_level.txt for details.
   security = user
   #security = share
   #security = server

# Use password server option only with security = server
# The argument list may include:
#   password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
# or to auto-locate the domain controller/s
#   password server = *
#;   password server = <NT-Server-Name>

# Password Level allows matching of _n_ characters of the password for
# all combinations of upper and lower case.
;  password level = 8
;  username level = 8

# You may wish to use password encryption. Please read
# ENCRYPTION.txt, Win95.txt and WinNT.txt in the Samba documentation.
# Do not enable this option unless you have read those documents
#   encrypt passwords = yes
#   smb passwd file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd

# The following is needed to keep smbclient from spouting spurious errors
# when Samba is built with support for SSL.
;   ssl CA certFile = /usr/share/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt

# The following are needed to allow password changing from Windows to
# update the Linux system password also.
# NOTE: Use these with 'encrypt passwords' and 'smb passwd file' above.
# NOTE2: You do NOT need these to allow workstations to change only
#        the encrypted SMB passwords. They allow the Unix password
#        to be kept in sync with the SMB password.
   unix password sync = Yes
   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
   passwd chat = *New*password* %n\n *Retype*new*password* %n\n *passwd:*all*authentication*tokens*updated*successfully*

# You can use PAM's password change control flag for Samba. If
# enabled, then PAM will be used for password changes when requested
# by an SMB client instead of the program listed in passwd program.
# It should be possible to enable this without changing your passwd
# chat parameter for most setups.

   pam password change = yes

# Unix users can map to different SMB User names
#;  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
;   include = /etc/samba/smb.conf.%m

# This parameter will control whether or not Samba should obey PAM's
# account and session management directives. The default behavior is
# to use PAM for clear text authentication only and to ignore any
# account or session management. Note that Samba always ignores PAM
# for authentication in the case of encrypt passwords = yes

  obey pam restrictions = yes

# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.
# See speed.txt and the manual pages for details
   socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192

# Configure Samba to use multiple interfaces
# If you have multiple network interfaces then you must list them
# here. See the man page for details.
;   interfaces = 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24

# Configure remote browse list synchronisation here
#  request announcement to, or browse list sync from:
#       a specific host or from / to a whole subnet (see below)
;   remote browse sync = 192.168.3.25 192.168.5.255
# Cause this host to announce itself to local subnets here
;   remote announce = 192.168.1.255 192.168.2.44

# Browser Control Options:
# set local master to no if you don't want Samba to become a master
# browser on your network. Otherwise the normal election rules apply
;   local master = no

# OS Level determines the precedence of this server in master browser
# elections. The default value should be reasonable
;   os level = 33

# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. This
# allows Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Don't use this
# if you already have a Windows NT domain controller doing this job
;   domain master = yes

# Preferred Master causes Samba to force a local browser election on startup
# and gives it a slightly higher chance of winning the election
;   preferred master = yes

# Enable this if you want Samba to be a domain logon server for
# Windows95 workstations.
;   domain logons = yes

# if you enable domain logons then you may want a per-machine or
# per user logon script
# run a specific logon batch file per workstation (machine)
;   logon script = %m.bat
# run a specific logon batch file per username
;   logon script = %U.bat

# Where to store roving profiles (only for Win95 and WinNT)
#        %L substitutes for this servers netbios name, %U is username
#        You must uncomment the [Profiles] share below
;   logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%U

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable it's WINS Server
   wins support = yes

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
#       Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
;   wins server = w.x.y.z

# WINS Proxy - Tells Samba to answer name resolution queries on
# behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be
# at least one  WINS Server on the network. The default is NO.
;   wins proxy = yes

# DNS Proxy - tells Samba whether or not to try to resolve NetBIOS names
# via DNS nslookups. The built-in default for versions 1.9.17 is yes,
# this has been changed in version 1.9.18 to no.
   dns proxy = yes

# Case Preservation can be handy - system default is _no_
# NOTE: These can be set on a per share basis
;  preserve case = no
;  short preserve case = no
# Default case is normally upper case for all DOS files
;  default case = lower
# Be very careful with case sensitivity - it can break things!
;  case sensitive = no
mangle case = no
preserve case = yes
short preserve case = yes

#============================ Share Definitions ==============================
#[homes]
#   comment = Home Directories
#   browseable = no
#   writable = yes
#   valid users = %S
#   create mode = 0664
#   directory mode = 0775
# If you want users samba doesn't recognize to be mapped to a guest user
; map to guest = bad user

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
; [netlogon]
;   comment = Network Logon Service
;   path = /usr/local/samba/lib/netlogon
;   guest ok = yes
;   writable = no
;   share modes = no

# Un-comment the following to provide a specific roving profile share
# the default is to use the user's home directory
;[Profiles]
;    path = /usr/local/samba/profiles
;    browseable = no
;    guest ok = yes

# NOTE: If you have a BSD-style print system there is no need to
# specifically define each individual printer
#[printers]
#   comment = All Printers
#   path = /var/spool/samba
#   browseable = no
# Set public = yes to allow user 'guest account' to print
   guest ok = no
   writable = no
   printable = yes

# This one is useful for people to share files
;[tmp]
;   comment = Temporary file space
;   path = /tmp
;   read only = no
;   public = yes

# A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in

#

# A private directory, usable only by fred. Note that fred requires write
# access to the directory.
#;[fredsdir]
#;   comment = Fred's Service
#;   path = /usr/somewhere/private
#;   valid users = fred
#;   public = no
#;   writable = yes
#;   printable = no

# a service which has a different directory for each machine that connects
# this allows you to tailor configurations to incoming machines. You could
# also use the %U option to tailor it by user name.
# The %m gets replaced with the machine name that is connecting.

# A publicly accessible directory, read/write to all users. Note that all files
# created in the directory by users will be owned by the default user, so
# any user with access can delete any other user's files. Obviously this
# directory must be writable by the default user. Another user could of course
# The following two entries demonstrate how to share a directory so that two
# users can place files there that will be owned by the specific users. In this
# setup, the directory should be writable by both users and should have the
# sticky bit set on it to prevent abuse. Obviously this could be extended to
# as many users as required.
# users can place files there that will be owned by the specific users. In this
# setup, the directory should be writable by both users and should have the
# sticky bit set on it to prevent abuse. Obviously this could be extended to
# as many users as required.
[Storage]
   comment = File Server
   path = /home
   valid users = root
   public = no
   writable = yes
   printable = no
   directory mask = 0775
   create mask = 0775

크리에이티브 커먼즈 라이센스

이 저작물은 크리에이티브 커먼즈 코리아 저작자표시-비영리-변경금지 2.0 대한민국 라이센스에 따라 이용하실 수 있습니다.

Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 released

출처 : http://www.us.debian.org/News/2007/20070408

April 8th, 2007

The Debian Project is pleased to announce the official release of Debian GNU/Linux version 4.0, codenamed etch, after 21 months of constant development. Debian GNU/Linux is a free operating system which supports a total of eleven processor architectures and includes the KDE, GNOME and Xfce desktop environments. It also features cryptographic software and compatibility with the FHS v2.3 and software developed for version 3.1 of the LSB.

Using a now fully integrated installation process, Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 comes with out-of-the-box support for encrypted partitions. This release introduces a newly developed graphical frontend to the installation system supporting scripts using composed characters and complex languages; the installation system for Debian GNU/Linux has now been translated to 58 languages.

Also beginning with Debian GNU/Linux 4.0, the package management system has been improved regarding security and efficiency. Secure APT allows the verification of the integrity of packages downloaded from a mirror. Updated package indices won't be downloaded in their entirety, but instead patched with smaller files containing only differences from earlier versions.

Debian GNU/Linux runs on computers ranging from palmtops and handheld systems to supercomputers, and on nearly everything in between. A total of eleven architectures are supported including: Sun SPARC (sparc), HP Alpha (alpha), Motorola/IBM PowerPC (powerpc), Intel IA-32 (i386) and IA-64 (ia64), HP PA-RISC (hppa), MIPS (mips, mipsel), ARM (arm), IBM S/390 (s390) and – newly introduced with Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 – AMD64 and Intel EM64T (amd64).

Debian GNU/Linux can be installed from various installation media such as DVDs, CDs, USB sticks and floppies, or from the network. GNOME is the default desktop environment and is contained on the first CD. The K Desktop Environment (KDE) and the Xfce desktop can be installed through two new alternative CD images. Also newly available with Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 are multi-arch CDs and DVDs supporting installation of multiple architectures from a single disc.

Debian GNU/Linux can be downloaded right now via bittorrent (the recommended way), jigdo or HTTP; see Debian GNU/Linux on CDs for further information. It will soon be available on DVD and CD-ROM from numerous vendors, too.

This release includes a number of updated software packages, such as the K Desktop Environment 3.5.5a (KDE), an updated version of the GNOME desktop environment 2.14, the Xfce 4.4 desktop environment, the GNUstep desktop 5.2, X.Org 7.1, OpenOffice.org 2.0.4a, GIMP 2.2.13, Iceweasel (an unbranded version of Mozilla Firefox 2.0.0.3), Icedove (an unbranded version of Mozilla Thunderbird 1.5), Iceape (an unbranded version of Mozilla Seamonkey 1.0.8), PostgreSQL 8.1.8, MySQL 5.0.32, GNU Compiler Collection 4.1.1, Linux kernel version 2.6.18, Apache 2.2.3, Samba 3.0.24, Python 2.4.4 and 2.5, Perl 5.8.8, PHP 4.4.4 and 5.2.0, Asterisk 1.2.13, and more than 18,000 other ready to use software packages.

Upgrades to Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 from the previous release, Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 codenamed sarge, are automatically handled by the aptitude package management tool for most configurations, and to a certain degree also by the apt-get package management tool. As always, Debian GNU/Linux systems can be upgraded quite painlessly, in place, without any forced downtime, but it is strongly recommended to read the release notes for possible issues. For detailed instructions about installing and upgrading Debian GNU/Linux, please see the release notes. Please note that the release notes will be further improved and translated to additional languages in the coming weeks.

About Debian

Debian GNU/Linux is a free operating system, developed by more than a thousand volunteers from all over the world who collaborate via the Internet. Debian's dedication to Free Software, its non-profit nature, and its open development model make it unique among GNU/Linux distributions.

The Debian project's key strengths are its volunteer base, its dedication to the Debian Social Contract, and its commitment to provide the best operating system possible. Debian 4.0 is another important step in that direction.

Contact Information

For further information, please visit the Debian web pages at http://www.debian.org/ or send mail to <press@debian.org>.

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